Origins of Filipino Identity in GOMBURZA

Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Written by

Jude Bautista

Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos): Don Pedro, paano ang mga kumakalat na mga balita galing sa mga prayle?

Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz): Na ano? Na ako’y kalaban ng España? Isang rebelde?! Filibustero?! Erehe??! [Pedro’s voice echoes in anger across the empty church]

Pedro: Ang susunod na Ermano Pule??! Mga bwisit sila! [Burgos’ voice hushing him at the same time pleading with him] Jose: Don Pedro! Di ka ba natatakot?

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Pedro: Bakit ako matatakot magsabi ng totoo? Ang totoong kura sagrales na tubong Pilipinas ay may kakayahan… matingkad… malinis. At higit sa lahat, mas malapit sa mga tubong isla! Higit na nauuunawaan ng kura sagrales ang mga parokyano. Kaya ang kura sagrales at hindi mga prayle ang siyang nararapat na mamahala sa mga parokya… Señor Burgos, Masanay ka nang tumungga niyan. Sige lang iho, hindi yan konsagrado. Kabayaran sa lahat ng na itulong mo. Gusto ko naroon ako sa araw ng ipagkaloob sayo ang duktorado Señor Burgos.

From left: Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz) and Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

Jose: Pagdasal niyo ko Don Pedro. Mahirap ang eksamin.

Pedro: Ang na iisip ko ay mahihigitan mo pako sa dami ng iyong tinapos. Duktorados sa Derechos Canonico! Pagkatapos sa Teolohiya at lay Civil. Paghusayin mo iho. Para wala silang ma punlaan sayo… sa atin.

Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz): Hindi namin habang buhay maisusulong ni Padre Gomez ang labang ito. Alam mo ba? Na higit labing dalawang taon na naming binubuno ang asuntong ito? Ngayon humihingi na siya ng ka halili. Hindi huhupa ang usaping ito na ganoon lamang.

Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos): Marami kami. Marami kaming hahalili.

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Pedro: Don Pepe, wag kang magugulat sa darating na panahon na ikaw rin ang paratahan ng mga prayle sa rebelde, ante Español, ante iglesia. Ang impurtante gawin mo ang tama. Gamitin mo ang iyong katalinuhan at iyong kakayahan para ipagtanggol ang karapatan natin.

Jose: Ang karapatan nating Kura Sagrales?

Pedro: (Sighs) May pagtatapat ako sayo Don Pepe. Minsan na isip ko na di na lang ito tungkol sa pulitika ng simbahan. Akala ng mga prayle na kaya nila tayong tapakan. Dahil mababa ang tingin nila satin. At mababa ang tingin nila sakin hindi dahil ako ay paring secular. Kungdi dahil ako ay pinangak sa Pagsanjan. Dahil ako’y isang creole na tulad mo. Kung ganoon hindi lang karapatan ng Kura Sagrales ang pinag-uusapan dito. Ang pinaglalaban natin dito ay ang pagka pantay pantay. Ekwalidad para sa lahat ng tubong Pilipinas.

Pedro: Tayong mga Español, naka kumpol tayo sa isang kategorya. Iisa ang lamang natin sa ka nila. Tayo ay Los Filipinos. Salud!

Jose: Salud Don Pedro!

For those worried about spoilers, the dialogue above is but a taste of many memorable lines. The conversation is one of dozens. I chose it because it highlights the origins of Filipino self-determination. That may be why GOMBURZA was such a huge hit.

Piolo’s character encapsulated what they themselves learned from their history, perhaps the true seed of Filipino identity. At a time when the very idea of being Filipino was a form of rebellion against our colonial masters the Spaniards.

From left: MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos) and Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

GOMBURZA was just an apex of a centuries old struggle for freedom and equality (one of several including Rizal and Bonifacio). Writer/ Director Pepe Diokno went back further to Hermano Pule as one of the first indios to attempt to join the friars. This was out of a true devotion to his Catholic faith. Since Pule was not born in Spain, was denied the education and acceptance he craved.

From left: Carlitos Siguion-Reyna (Obispo Gainza), Jaime Fabregas (Obispo Gregorio Meliton Martinez) and Jerry O’Hara(Obispo Romualdo Jimeno). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Carlitos Siguion-Reyna (Obispo Gainz) said in an interview with OnePH, he relished the chance of getting into the ‘intricacies’ of the history by joining the cast. That’s why films like GOMBURZA, HENERAL LUNA, AGUINALDO, Marilou Diaz Abaya’s RIZAL are extremely vital to help us recall, study and analyze our history. Lest we repeat the mistakes of the past.

From left: Enchong Dee (Padre Jacinto Zamora), Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos), John Arcilla (Heneral Luna) and Dylan Ray Talon. Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

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From left: MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos), Elijah Canlas (Paciano Rizal), MMFF Best Director Pepe Diokno III and Enchong Dee (Padre Jacinto Zamora). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

Stalwarts of Theater

Everybody’s raving about MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan, Enchong Dee, Dante Rivero and Piolo Pascual or the direction of Pepe Diokno. Rightly so. But there are names that literally leap out of the page. That are legends here in the realm of theater and stage.

From left: MMFF Best Director Pepe Diokno III, Dante Rivero (Padre Mariano Gomez), MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos) and Enchong Dee (Padre Jacinto Zamora) at their SM North Premiere. Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at SM Aura Premier, SM City Cebu, SM City Clark, SM Lanang Premier, SM Mall of Asia, SM Megamall, SM North Edsa and SM Southmall.

As you can see above, the powerful dialogue is written by famous playwright/screenwriter Rody Vera. Himself a legit triple threat: actor, dancer, singer. A screenplay co-written between Diokno, Vera with additional dialogue by Ian Victoriano.

From left: Brian Sy (Crisanto Delos Reyes), Neil Ryan Sese (Maximo Inocencio) and Bombi Plata (Enrique Paraiso). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

Then there are the legends Nanding Josef, Leo Rialp, Jaime Fabregas. There’s also the younger but not any less capable actors from the silver screen: Neil Ryan Sese (Maximo Inocencio), Carlitos Siguion-Reyna (also a film director), Arnold Reyes (Fernando La Madrid) and Paolo O’Hara (Antonio Regidor).

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Arnold Reyes (Fernando La Madrid); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

Tata Nanding

I want to praise the understated role of Tanghalang Pilipino Artistic Director Tata Nanding Josef. He played the ailing priest Miguel De Laza cared for by Enchong Dee’s character Padre Zamora. Padre Miguel hardly had any lines but managed to convey a myriad of emotions through facial expressions. TP’s upcoming production PINGKIAN, incidentally, is a musical based on the life of Emilio Jacinto.

From left: Tata Nanding Josef (Padre Miguel de Laza) and Dante Rivero (Padre Mariano Gomez). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Tata Nanding shared, “I was actually hesitant to accept the role because of my overload of TP work. Pero, Pepe called me and explained to me why he wanted me to do it. He said he wanted somebody for the role of Fr. Miguel de Laza who can register some specific human emotions with few or no words at all. I said, oh, I’ll do it.”

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Leo Rialp is the villainous Padre Mosqueda, Head of the Spanish Friars who wanted to wrest control of lucrative parishes away from native born priests. Rialp masterfully crafted a sympathetic character in spite of the racist, oppressive tactics his role employed. Both Jaime Fabregas (Obispo Meliton Martinez) and Leo are mainstays of Repertory Philippines.

Leo Rialp (Padre Mosqueda); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

Spanish Rulers Not the Spaniards

Through casting Diokno was also conscious of not blanketing all Spaniards as oppressors. Jaime Fabregas who has strong Spanish / Caucasian features, was cast as the progressive Obispo Martinez. Who was supportive of the cause of Padre Pelaez, Gomez and Burgos. Señor Jimmy Fabregas is in high demand as part of the blockbuster TV series LINLANG. Produced by ABS CBN Studios, stars Kim Chiu, Paolo Avelino and JM De Guzman.

Jaime Fabregas (Obispo Meliton Martinez); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at SM Aura Premier, SM City Cebu, SM City Clark, SM Lanang Premier, SM Mall of Asia, SM Megamall, SM North Edsa and SM Southmall.

From left: Enchong Dee (Padre Jacinto Zamora) and Kuya Manzano (Padre Tressera). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Even Enchong Dee’s card playing crony, (real life Spaniard) Kuya Manzano is Padre Tressera. They speak fluent Spanish amongst themselves during their card games. Padre Tressera may not have been as sympathetic as Martinez, but was friendly with the ‘native born’.

Left: Kuya Manzano (Padre Tressera): Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Burgis

The bourgeoisie, intellectual class, was almost as central during the period as the religious orders. Again, as many know from elementary and high school history, the Burgis were actually the ones responsible for the plots against the Spanish Authorities. Specifically, their violent overthrow.

From left: Jeffrey Quizon (Joaquin Pardo De Tavera) and Paolo O’Hara (Antonio Regidor). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

Again, Pepe Diokno chose among the best actors for these roles: Ketchup Eusebio (Francisco Zaldua), Sue Prado (Teodora Alonzo), Jeffrey Quizon (Joaquin Pardo De Tavera), Neil Ryan Sese (Maximo Inocencio), Bombi Plata (Enrique Paraiso). Paolo O’Hara is the burgis, Antonio Regidor, while his father in real life, Jerry O’Hara played Obispo Romualdo Jimeno.

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Regionalism

During an informal gathering of the burgis, they were able to put themselves in the shoes of the native priests’ conflict with the Spanish Friars. Discussing a moving editorial piece in the papers. Coming to the assumption that all of them were ‘Los Filipinos’. Same as the pen name of Padre Burgos in said, newspaper article. Paolo O’Hara’s character comes to the logical conclusion, ‘We are all Los Filipinos’. Since we are all victims of the oppressive regime. Born to the native land.

(center) Paolo O’Hara (Antonio Regidor); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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Epi Quizon’s character turns to the servant Sergio and asks if he’s Filipino. With hesitation Sergio responds, ‘Ako po’y… Tagalog’. If one thinks about it, a natural response that still holds today. Most of us Filipinos would identify with our local communities, towns, provinces. The dialogue is especially telling. Tagalog can also refer to the dialect, the language. Its language that ties Filipinos to their regions as well. Shows our continuing struggle and evolution in becoming… Filipino.

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Language of Instruction

Since language is intertwined with one’s identity, no surprise that one of the issues Padre Burgos fought for is the language of instruction. While having a doctorate degree, Burgos was also a beloved professor by his students. And would speak in Tagalog with them freely.

From left: Tommy Alejandrino (Felipe Buencamino), Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos) and Elijah Canlas (Paciano Rizal). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street. (28)

As opposed to the Latin that was the required medium of instruction (of the era). Few students mastered it and had great difficulty applying it to their practical lives.

Spanish would have been a preferred medium as well. As it was used in official documents, newspapers etc. But since the educational rules of the time were so rigid, was seen as extension of the Authorities.

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Turning in his Grave?

Padre Burgos may be turning in his grave with the current state of students in our country. With a great number of them having difficulty with Filipino as subject. Highlighting the need for even more Filipino language content in films, TV, music and yes, theater. It certainly wouldn’t hurt if more of our youth watched GOMBURZA, Tanghalang Pilipino’s PINGKIAN and the like. Maybe it would foster a greater love for the national language and perhaps a stronger bond with their Filipino identity.

Piolo Pascual (Padre Pedro Pelaéz); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

I would go as far as encouraging even more Filipino dialects in movies, even music. Another Piolo MMFF entry MALLARI, has the Pampango dialect figure prominently. That’s a way of preserving that culture which is just as much Filipino as Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano and dozens of other tribal dialects.

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Direct Link to Rizal

Two of Burgos’ students, took the language of instruction issue to heart: Felipe Buencamino played by Tommy Alejandrino and Paciano Rizal played by Elijah Canlas.

Tommy Alejandrino (Felipe Buencamino); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies in Robinsons Galleria, Robinsons Magnolia, Robinsons Ermita, Robinsons Starmills, Robinsons Tacloban, Robinsons Metro East, Robinsons Antipolo, Robinsons Gapan, Robinsons Iloilo and Robinsons Pangasinan. Log on to:
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In yet another brilliant casting move by Diokno used two awarded, celebrated actors for the crucial roles. Elijah Canlas came fresh off Special Jury Prize for his performance as Lancelot in ABOUT US NOT ABOUT US. This is from the first Summer MMFF edition in 2023. While Tommy Alejandrino earned BEST ACTOR as Amir in THE BASEBALL PLAYER in Cinemalaya 2022.

Elijah Canlas (Paciano Rizal); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

Paciano is the eldest brother of Jose, and was a big influence on the child genius. We get a great insight into how and why our national hero thought and wrote the way that he did. GOMBURZA takes us to those formative years and helps us understand the deeper roots of that struggle for Filipino identity.

From left: Lucas Martin (Young Jose Rizal) and Khalil Ramos (Jose Rizal). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts. (34)

Similarly, Khalil Ramos as grown up Jose Rizal was nominated several times in previous roles: 2 COOL 2 BE 4GOTTEN (2017), PAGLISAN (2018) and RESBAK (2023).

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Pepe Diokno III’s Roots

Tata Nanding described, “My experience in doing the film? Very pleasant! Pepe is a great director: intelligent, humble, respectful, creative. He obviously has the genes of his grandfather and father.”

MMFF Best Director Pepe DIokno III and dad FLAG Head Chel Diokno. Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at SM Aura Premier, SM City Cebu, SM City Clark, SM Lanang Premier, SM Mall of Asia, SM Megamall, SM North Edsa and SM Southmall.

Most people are aware of Director Pepe Diokno III’s grandfather (namesake – original Pepe Diokno) Senator Jose W. Diokno and his father Chel Diokno – Law Professor and current FLAG (Free Legal Assistance Group) head.

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Sen Diokno, is one of the revered figures of activism as political prisoner jailed together with Ninoy Aquino, also a former Senator. Both were fighting the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and were among the first victims of Martial Law. Senator Diokno has since then been called the Father of Human Rights in the Philippines. ‘Only person to top both the Philippine Bar Examination and the board exam for Certified Public Accountants.’

Senator Jose W. Diokno, The Father of Human Rights, more popularly known as Ka Pepe. (The original Pepe Diokno).

What I didn’t know is that, courage and heroism goes even further in their ancestry. Sen. Diokno’s father: “Ramón Diokno was considered an anti-imperialist nationalist as senator and was one of four senators to oppose the American Parity Rights Amendment. Jose’s grandfather was Ananías Diokno, a navy general and governor in the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War in the Visayas. Ananías’ great-great grandfather was Félix Berenguer de Marquina y Fitzgerald, who was viceroy of New Spain and governor-general of the Philippines from 1788 to 1793. “ From: Jose W. Diokno wikiwand.

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Equating Injustice to EJK

I’ve had the privilege of meeting Pepe in his Cinemalaya days. Even before 2009, when he won the Venice Film Fests’ Orizzonti and Lion of the Future Award for ENGKWENTRO. Always humble and soft spoken, unless he was talking about something he believed in. Just like when he tried to warn me, the country of then Mayor Duterte. He was worried about the young teens and adolescents summarily executed in Davao. At least several years before there was a hint of Duterte running for President.

MMFF Best Director Pepe Diokno III with MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos) onset at Eat Bulaga! Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at SM Aura Premier, SM City Cebu, SM City Clark, SM Lanang Premier, SM Mall of Asia, SM Megamall, SM North Edsa and SM Southmall. (41)

After GOMBURZA, many comments online cite they were teared up watching the injustices in the film. Among them, the execution of the three priests for a crime they did not commit. Proof that we as a people do not learn from history, is that a whole electorate voted for President Duterte. Someone who campaigned on executing 100,000 people for drug addiction. That’s an injustice multiplied tenfold from the GOMBURZA era.

MMFF Best Actor Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

Mind you, this current comparison to Duterte is my own and not the director’s. Duterte connected drug addiction to being a criminal. And then a criminal that should be summarily executed. Officially, at least 6,000 fell under ‘Death Under Investigation’ from the PNP. Unofficially, the number is in the tens of thousands. Many of our countrymen have forgotten or are completely unaware of the lessons of history.

From left: Enchong Dee (Padre Jacinto Zamora), Cedrick Juan (Padre José Burgos) and Dante Rivero (Padre Mariano Gomez). Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

That’s why more historical films, stage shows, books should be produced for our people. Wouldn’t that be a better program for DepEd as opposed to P121 million pesos budgeted for a mysterious ‘intelligence fund’?

Sue Prado (Teodora Alonzo); Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Shang Rila Plaza Mall, Lucky Chinatown Mall, Eastwood Mall and Newport World Resorts.

Tata Nanding surmises, “Message of the film for me: we, Filipinos are good human beings gifted with natural noble, humanistic and spiritual values. That are often abused by greedy self-centered megalomaniacs. But, at the same time, imbued with courage and heroism that naturally surface when we feel the need to protect our fellowmen. Each one of us can be heroes ready to protect others.”

Lucas Martin as young Jose Rizal; Watch GOMBURZA and other MMFF movies at Ayala Malls Manila Bay, Ayala Malls Circuit, Greenbelt, Glorietta, Alabang Town Center, Ayala Malls Legaspi, Ayala Malls Abreeza, Ayala Malls Cloverleaf and Bonifacio High Street.

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